Glossary of Key Terms
The glossary has been designed as a practical guide for readers navigating the world of monastic viticulture and Mount Athos.
Many of the terms used in this website are drawn from centuries-old traditions, combining agricultural knowledge, spiritual practice, and ecological stewardship.
This section provides clear explanations, ensuring that visitors can better understand the unique language of Athonite winemaking and monastic life.
Viticulture & Winemaking
Viticulture on Mount Athos reflects centuries of accumulated wisdom, where cultivation is not merely technical but deeply symbolic. The following terms shed light on the processes, tools, and methods by which grapes are transformed into wine, maintaining continuity from antiquity to the present day.
Terroir
The unique combination of soil, climate, topography, and human practice that defines the character of a wine
Dry Farming
Traditional cultivation method relying solely on rainfall, avoiding artificial irrigation
Must
Freshly crushed grape juice that contains skins, seeds, and stems
Paravoutes
Large wooden barrels historically used for fermentation on Mount Athos
Vinification
The process of turning grapes into wine, covering fermentation, aging, and clarification.
Fermentation
Natural process where grape sugars are converted into alcohol by yeasts
Hand Harvesting
Manual picking of grapes, preserving quality and ensuring careful selection
Fortified Sweet Wine
Traditional wine for Orthodox celebrations, made from sun-dried grapes and strengthened with alcohol
The Athonite monastic community follows rules and practices that govern every aspect of daily life, including agricultural activity. Many of these terms originate from Byzantine manuscripts and continue to define the spiritual character of wine production today. This section introduces key concepts essential for understanding the sacred dimension of Athonite viticulture.
Monastic Life &Spiritual Terms
Typikon (972 AD)
Foundational monastic charter regulating daily life and wine commerce on Mount Athos
Cenobitic
Monastic way of life where monks live communally, sharing work, meals, and prayer
Avaton
The spiritual rule prohibiting the entry of women to Mount Athos, part of its sacred status as the “Garden of the Virgin Mary”
Diamonitirion
Special entry permit required for visitors to Mount Athos
Holy Community (Iera Koinotita)
Governing body of representatives from the 20 monasteries
Tragos (First Typikon)
Early Athonite rule, drafted by Saint Athanasios, regulating monastic life and specifically wine trade
Ecology &Landscape
The environment of Mount Athos is not treated as a resource to be exploited but as a sacred trust. Its biodiversity and protected landscapes form the backdrop for sustainable viticulture. The following terms highlight the ecological framework within which vineyards coexist with forests, herbs, and wildlife, ensuring harmony between nature and spiritual life.
Biodiversity
The rich variety of plants and animals coexisting with vineyards, preserved by traditional practices
Natura 2000
European ecological network including Mount Athos, protecting its habitats and species
Sacred Terroir
Term used to describe the fusion of natural and spiritual stewardship in Athonite vineyards
Terraced Step Planting
Traditional vineyard planting on slopes to prevent erosion and optimize sun exposure.
